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Key points

  • Thanks to antiretroviral treatment, many people with HIV now have a normal life expectancy.
  • You’ll get the most benefit from your treatment if you take it at the right time and in the right way. This is often called adherence.
  • Missing doses or not taking doses correctly can lead to your HIV becoming drug resistant.
  • Everyone taking HIV treatment should be offered support and advice with adherence.
  • Keeping a diary, using a pill box, or setting an alarm, might help you to take your treatment.
  • Resistance tests will be used to help choose the best drug combination for you.

This booklet provides basic information about how HIV treatment works, what taking it involves and how to manage it in your life.

You’ll get the most benefit from your treatment if you take each dose at the right time, in the right way (often described as ‘adherence’). The booklet gives some advice to help you to do this and explains what can happen if doses are missed, including drug resistance.

This booklet is not intended to replace discussion with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. But it can be a starting point for those discussions.

Download the booklet

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Taking you HIV treatment
Keith Alcorn

Keith Alcorn

Editorial Consultant

Keith joined the editorial team of the National AIDS Manual (NAM) in 1991, launched the aidsmap website in 1998 and was the Senior Editor of NAM and aidsmap until 2018. He now contributes news and conference reports as a freelancer.

Roger Pebody

Roger Pebody

Commissioning Editor

Roger joined aidsmap in 2008 and was Managing Editor from 2018 to 2024. As a freelancer, he now edits aidsmap’s news and conference coverage, as well as working on updates to About HIV pages. He is also a contributing science editor for TheBodyPro, a freelance journalist for The Lancet HIV, and a medical writer helping researchers prepare articles for peer-reviewed journals. He began working on HIV at Gay Men Fighting AIDS in the mid-1990s.

Basic information

How treatment works

How treatment works

Taking drugs on time

Taking drugs on time

Drug resistance

Drug resistance

Side effects

Side effects

HIV and the immune system

HIV and the immune system

Myths and facts

Myths and facts

What should I do if I throw up after taking my HIV meds?

If I change HIV treatment and find that I don’t like my new meds, can I go back to the old ones?

How long will it take for HIV to develop resistance to my medications?

My HIV is undetectable, can I stop my medication?

A white pill bottle is tipped over with white pills spilling out.

What is an elite controller?

A to Z of antiretroviral medications

Antiretroviral drug chart

Antiretroviral drug chart

Starting HIV treatment

Pill in hand

Recommended treatments for HIV

A man in a blue t-shirt gets HIV treatment out of a blister pack.

One-pill-a-day HIV treatments

Image: carballo/Shutterstock.com

Anti-HIV drugs

Anti-HIV drugs booklet

An introduction to HIV medicines

An introduction to HIV medicines

Blood tests before starting or changing HIV treatment

A close up of a person's arm while they are having their blood taken. The person taking the blood is wearing surgical gloves. We can see some of the blood is already in the tube.

Why taking your HIV treatment properly is important

Image: Domizia Salusest | www.domiziasalusest.com

Adherence to HIV treatment

Image: Domizia Salusest | www.domiziasalusest.com

Food requirements for anti-HIV medications

People sit outside at a table with a close up of a hand with pills in it.

Resistance to anti-HIV drugs

Image: Domizia Salusest | www.domiziasalusest.com

What happens to HIV drugs in the body, and do missed doses matter?

Mareike Günsche | www.aspect-us.com

Where to get HIV treatment

Image: PongMoji/Shutterstock.com

Which HIV medications are available as generics?

Mareike Günsche | www.aspect-us.com

Interactions between HIV medication and recreational drugs

Two syringes, powder and spoon on old wooden background.

Changing HIV treatment

A man in a bathroom holding two bottles of medication and reading the label of one of them.

Side-effects of HIV treatment

An older man sitting in a chair with a blanket over his knees. He's resting his head on his hand.

Allergic reactions to HIV medications

Photoroyalty/Shutterstock.com

HIV treatment side-effects and mental health

Image: Domizia Salusest | www.domiziasalusest.com

What do we know about injectable HIV medication?

A person having an injection.

HIV treatment as you get older

A man stands in a doorway smiling.

HIV treatment breaks

A white pill bottle is tipped over with white pills spilling out on to a table.

Should HIV controllers take HIV treatment?

A doctor and patient talking in a doctor's office.

HIV lifecycle

RAJ CREATIONZS/Shutterstock.com

The stages of HIV infection

An illustration of an HIV virus.